1. Pre - Operation Checks

• • ​​Visual Inspection​​
• • Walk around the small hydraulic excavator to check for visible damage on the body, such as cracks on the cab, boom, arm, and bucket. Ensure there are no loose or missing bolts and nuts on the structural parts.
• • Inspect the tires (for wheeled models) or tracks (for tracked models). For tires, check the inflation pressure, look for cuts, bulges, or uneven wear. For tracks, examine for wear, damage, and proper tension.
• •​​Fluid Level Verification​​
• •Check the engine oil level using the dipstick. The oil level should be within the normal range. Low engine oil can lead to insufficient lubrication and engine damage.
• •Inspect the coolant level in the coolant reservoir. Adequate coolant is necessary to maintain the engine's proper operating temperature.
• •Check the hydraulic fluid level in the hydraulic tank. The hydraulic fluid is crucial for the excavator's various functions, and the level should be at the specified mark.
• •​​Battery and Electrical System​​
• •Examine the battery terminals for corrosion and ensure they are tightly connected. Corroded or loose terminals can cause electrical problems and prevent the engine from starting.
• •Test the headlights, taillights, turn signals, and other electrical components to ensure they are in working order.

2. Safe Startup

• •​​Operator Readiness​​
• •Sit in the operator's seat, fasten the seat belt, and adjust the seat and mirrors to get a clear view of the work area.
• •Familiarize yourself with the location and function of all the control levers, pedals, and buttons before starting the engine.
• •​​Engine Startup​​
• •Insert the key into the ignition switch and turn it to the "ON" position. Check the instrument panel for any warning lights. If any warning lights are on, investigate and resolve the issue before starting the engine.
• •Turn the key to the "START" position to start the engine. Allow the engine to warm up for a few minutes to ensure proper lubrication and operation of the engine components.

3. Operating the Excavator

• •​​Movement Control​​
• •​​Travel​​: When using the travel pedals or joystick (depending on the model) to move the excavator, do so slowly and carefully, especially on uneven or sloping terrain. Keep the excavator's speed under control to maintain stability.
• •​​Boom, Arm, and Bucket Operations​​: Use the hydraulic control levers to control the boom (up and down), arm (in and out), and bucket (digging, dumping, and curling) movements. Make smooth and coordinated movements to avoid sudden jolts that could damage the machine or cause instability.
• •Swing​​: When swinging the upper structure of the excavator (including the cab, boom, arm, and bucket) left or right, be aware of the surrounding environment to prevent collisions with objects or people.
• •​​Digging and Loading Operations​​
• •​​Digging​​: Position the excavator correctly near the digging area. Lower the boom and arm, and insert the bucket into the soil or material gently. Use the boom and arm controls to lift the bucket filled with soil or material steadily.
• •​​Loading​​: When loading soil or material into a truck or other container, position the bucket accurately over the target area and dump the load carefully to avoid spillage.

4. Safety Precautions

• •​​Personal Safety​​
• •Always wear a seat belt while operating the excavator. This is essential for your safety in case of an accident or sudden movement of the machine.
• •Do not allow unauthorized personnel to enter the work area around the excavator.
• •​​Work Area Safety​​
• •Before starting work, inspect the work area for any hazards, such as overhead power lines, unstable slopes, or underground utilities. Take appropriate measures to avoid these hazards.
• •Keep the work area clean and free of debris to prevent tripping hazards and ensure the safe movement of the excavator.
• •Load and Stability​​
• •Do not overload the bucket. Exceeding the rated load capacity can cause the excavator to lose stability and tip over.
• •When working on slopes, operate the excavator slowly and carefully, and avoid sudden movements. Keep the excavator's center of gravity as stable as possible.

5. Post - Operation Procedures

• •​​Stopping the Excavator​​
• •After completing the work, lower the boom, arm, and bucket to the ground. Stop the excavator's movement by using the travel controls.
• •Turn the engine off by turning the ignition key to the "OFF" position.
• •​​Post - Operation Inspection​​
• •Conduct a post - operation inspection similar to the pre - operation inspection. Check for any new damage, leaks, or abnormal wear on the excavator.
• •Clean the excavator to remove dirt, mud, and debris. This helps to prevent corrosion and extends the lifespan of the machine.
• •Record any issues or abnormalities found during the operation and inspection in the equipment logbook for future reference and maintenance.